FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE & HUMANITIES
Department of Ancient History
About
The Department of Ancient History, Culture & Archaeology offers Undergraduate and Postgraduate programmes with syllabus ranging from Political , Socio-Economic & Cultural History of ancient India. Field Archaeology and earliest civilizations of the world are also the minor part of the same. The department demonstrates attitudes of being a life-long learner who passionately pursues self-determined goals in the broadest context of socio-technological changes.
Courses
The department runs BA & MA courses that make the students aware of
Critical Thinking and Problem solving: Exhibit the skill of critical thinking and understand historical texts rationally. Identify the problem by observing the situation closely; take actions and analytical skills to design the solutions.
Social competence and communication skills: Demonstrate ability to accommodate the views of others and present their own opinions and complex ideas, in written or oral form, in a clear and concise manner in group settings.
Disciplinary Knowledge: Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge and a strong theoretical grounding in their area of work.
Scientific temper: Infer historical literature, build a sense of enquiry and be able to formulate, test, analyze, interpret basic questions; and to identify and consult relevant sources to find answers.
Inter-disciplinary competence: Create new conceptual, theoretical, methodological innovations that integrate and transcend beyond discipline specific approaches to address a common problem.
Personal and professional competence: Perform independently and also collaboratively as a part of a team to meet defined objectives and carry out work across interdisciplinary fields
Effective Citizenship and Ethics: Demonstrate empathetic social concern and equity centered national development and act with an informed awareness of moral and ethical issues and commit to professional ethics and responsibility.
Understanding Cultural Heritage: understand the multicultural perspectives and realities of history, including the contributions over many centuries of various races, nations and faith to the Indian civilization.
Faculty
Dr. Vikash Singh
Designation - Assistant Professor
Qualification - M.A., UGC- JRF, D.Phil.
Specialization - Religion & Philosophy
Publication - Research Papers –10 Book chapter-02
Book - 01, Book Edited – 01
Contact - 941564719
E-Mail - vksh1982@gmail.com
|
|
Time Table B.A. M.A.
Syllabus B.A. M.A.
Academic Council
Name
|
Class
|
Designation
|
Shama Zehra
|
M.A. II
|
President
|
Sakshi Rai
|
M.A. I
|
Secretary
|
Khushi Chaurasia
|
B.A. III
|
Deputy Secretary
|
Nishu Pandit
|
B.A. II
|
Member
|
Anjali Jaiswal
|
B.A. II
|
Member
|
Upma Pathak
|
B.A. I
|
Member
|
Distinguished Alumni
Dr Archana Sharma
(Professor)
Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, BHU
|
|
Department of Anthropology
About
The Department of Anthropology offers undergraduate course in Anthropology. At the undergraduate level, Anthropology is offered as both a major and minor subject. It consists of theory and practical papers in all six semesters of graduation if it is opted as a major subject.
Courses
B.A. in Antrhopology : This course provides a holistic idea of the fundamentals of Anthropology, Anthropological knowledge as well as its applications for the welfare of wider society. This course intends to orient the learner with the approaches to the broader discipline of Anthropology. It will help in developing analytical and critical thinking based on the themes and issues of Anthropology. It eventually prepares the students to understand the origin, and development of the discipline and delve into issues suited to the needs of the contemporary world. It will help in an elaborate understanding of the basic concepts of Anthropology and augment knowledge on the emerging trends of the discipline. This course will also help in the acquisition of an in-depth understanding of the applied aspects of Anthropology as well as interdisciplinary/ allied disciplines in everyday life. Further, it will help in the generation of critical thinking and skills facilitation. The course will help in the application of anthropological knowledge in the resolution of issues and conflicts in society. The programme focuses on both traditional and advanced contemporary skills associated with the discipline on one side, on the other, it helps the learners to be well-versed with Indian culture, society, traditional knowledge, and indigenous knowledge systems of our country through its unique fieldwork tradition. This course will not only provide numerous technical and research-oriented abilities to the students but also provide them with employment opportunities.
Faculty
Time Table Click Here
Syllabus Click Here
Academic Council
Alumni
Department of Economics
About
The Department of Economics marks its inception in the year 1982 with the beginning of Undergraduate Courses. Though the department became full-fledged after the introduction of Postgraduate Courses in 2005.The Department has a long tradition of imparting quality education and conducting in-depth research through time-tested methods which attract a large number of students within the district. The department currently has two distinguished committed faculty members who strive for excellence in offering quality education to U.G. & P.G. Students through incorporatingblended teaching practices.
Courses
Department currently runs B.A. in Economics as one of the papers in coordination with other U.G. Departments and an M.A. in Economics at P.G. levels.
B.A. in Economics : This program enables students to rationalize through analytical frameworks, evaluate empirical evidence and develop a critical approach to understandings of interactions between theory & policy. Programs aim to familiarize the students with concepts of Micro-Economics, Macro-Economics, Statistical Methods, Public Finance, development issues of the Indian Economy, Environmental Problems, International Economics and the Economy of Uttar Pradesh.
M.A. in Economics: The postgraduate program in Economics offers a higher degree of understanding. The programs aim to familiarize the students with the concepts Micro-EconomicTheory, Public Economics, Indian Economic Policy, Agriculture Economics, Industrial Economics, Mathematical Economics, Monetary Economics, Economic Planning, Econometrics, Demography, Quantitative Methods, Research Methodology, Labour Economics, Public policy etc.
Both programs help in acquainting students with the application of their subject in everyday life. The programs aim to provide students gainful insights into the structure and nature of the Indian Economy and Global Economies. The subject knowledge helps in understanding the developmental challenges and the public policies implemented to overcome those challenges.
The Department also provides career guidance about reputedhigher education institutions such as Indra Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Gokhale Institute of Politics & Economics, Various courses in Economics run by IIT’s, Delhi School of Economics & Madras School of Economics, etc. The program also provides opportunities in distinguished institutions like RBI, SEBI, PFRDAI & IRDAI. Students having their masters & doctoral have a wide range of job opportunities as Economist, Data Analysts, Indian Economic Services, Investment Analysts etc.
Faculty
Mr. Harendra Yadav
Designation : Assistant Professor
Qualification : M.A., UGC-NET
specialization : International Economics,
Monetary Economics, Public Policy
Publication : Research Papers - 02
Contact : 8299727010
E-Mail : harendra1607@gmail.com
|
|
Mr. Piyush Singh
Designation : Assistant Professor
Qualification : M.A., UGC-NET
Specialization : Rural Development, Public Policy
Contact : 7048967521
E-Mail : singhpiyush45@gmail.com
|
|
Time Table B.A. M.A.
Syllabus B.A. M.A.
Academic Council
Name
|
Class
|
Designation
|
Anza Talat
|
M.A. II
|
President
|
Ananya Srivastava
|
M.A. I
|
Secretary
|
Jayati Jain
|
B.A. III
|
Deputy Secretary
|
Sonalika Prajapati
|
M.A. II
|
Member
|
Ranjana Yadav
|
M.A. II
|
Member
|
Kavita Bind
|
M.A. I
|
Member
|
Anjali
|
B.A. II
|
Member
|
Anjali Ku. Jaiswal
|
B.A. II
|
Member
|
Priti Rai
|
B.A. I
|
Member
|
Purnima
|
B.A. I
|
Member
|
Sana Afreen
|
M.A. I
|
Member
|
Alumni
Department of Education
About
The Department of Education started in 1982 with the affiliation from Gorakhpur University, since 1989 it is with VBSPU, Jaunpur, U.P. The Common Minimum Syllabus was adopted since 2012 in the University and NEP-2020 in year 2021; hence the department has both these courses with it up to session 2022-23.
Courses
The courses B.A.and M.A. Education are designed by VBSPU, that make the students aware of Education and Society. The Masters course in Education is providing Cognitive, psychological, social and technological advancement in education as per NEP-2020. The vision of the institute is well acquired by the department. Educating young minds to inherent the traditional Indian knowledge system which meets the modern need with acquiring technological excellence.
Faculty
Ms. Pooja Singh
Designation - Assistant Professor
Qualification - M.Sc. M.Ed., UGC-JRF
Specialization - Measurement and Evaluation,
Guidance and Counselling
Publication - Research papers – 03
Contact - 8429400957
E-Mail - pooja007au@gmail.com
|
|
Time Table Click Here
Syllabus B.A. M.A.
Academic Council
Alumni
Department of Geography
About
The Department of Geography started in 1981 with the affiliation from Gorakhpur University, since 1989 it is withVBSPU, Jaunpur, U.P. The Common Minimum Syllabus was adopted since 2012 in the University and NEP-2020 in year 2021; hence the department has both these courses with it up to session 2022-23. The vision of the institute is well acquired by the department to transform young India into versatile and productive force.
Courses
The courses make the students aware of Earth & Environment, and the processes & Phenomenon associated with the cultural landscape and ecosystem. The conservation of nature and protection of biodiversity through modern technology is sown through this course.This three year degree programme that aims to instill in students ..
- Thiscourseprovides thebasicideasandconceptsofPhysical&Humanaspectof Geography.
- ThiscourseintendstoorientthelearnerwiththeApproachestothebroaderdisciplineofGeography.
- Itwillhelpindevelopinganalyticalandcriticalthinkingbasedonthethemesandissuesofgeography.
- It eventuallypreparesthe studentstounderstand the developmentofthesubjectanddelvearoundissues suited totheneeds of the contemporary world.
- It will help in exhaustive understanding of the basic concepts of Geography and an awareness of theemergingareasof thefield.
- Acquisitionofin-depthunderstandingoftheappliedaspectsofGeographyaswellasinterdisciplinarysubjectsineveryday life.
- Improvementofcriticalthinkingandskillsfacilitating.
- TheapplicationofknowledgegainedinthefieldofGeographyintheclassroomtothepracticalsolvingofsocietalproblems.
- Theprogrammeorientsstudentswithtraditiongeographicalknowledgealongwithadvancecomtempraryskills likeremotesensing and GIS.
Faculty
Dr. Santan Kumar Ram
Designation - Assistant Professor
Qualification - M.A., UGC-JRF, M.Ed., Ph.D.
Specialization - Regional planning, Geopolitics
Publication - Research papers - 17, Book chapters - 05
Book - 01(Edited)
Contact - 8005134346
E-Mail - santanram@gmail.com
|
|
Time Table Click Here
Syllabus Click Here
Academic Council
Name
|
Class
|
Designation
|
|
B.A. III
|
President
|
KiranYadav
|
B.A. III
|
Vice President
|
Priya Gupta
|
BA II
|
General Secretary
|
Shahid Bushra Ali
|
BA I
|
Secretary
|
Anamika Khurana
|
BA II
|
Member
|
Shreya Gupta
|
BA I
|
Member
|
Alumni
Ritu Maurya - Revenue officer |
|
Ankita Singh -VDO |
|
RitambharaPrajapati -basic teacher |
|
Kanchan Singh - basic teacher |
|
NeetuKumari - basic teacher |
|
VroojFatma -social activest |
|
Shazia Ansari - basic teacher |
|
Shikha Singh -TGT (M.P) |
|
AnkitaPradhan - TGT (Bihar) |
|
SushmaYadav - TGT (u.p) |
|
KarishmaYadav -UP police |
|
Department of History
About
The Department of History established in 1978, offers Undergraduate programmes with syllabus ranging from Political ,Socio-Economic & Cultural History of Medieval and Modern India. World history like history of England,France,Germany,Russia are also the minor part of the same. The department demonstrate attitudes of being a life-long learner who passionately pursues self-determined goals in the broadest context of socio-technological changes.
Courses
BA : The course makes the students aware of-
Social competence and communication skills: Demonstrate ability to accommodate the views of others and present their own opinions and complex ideas, in written or oral form, in a clear and concise manner in group settings.
Disciplinary Knowledge: Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge and a strong theoretical grounding in their area of work.
Scientific temper: Infer historical literature, build a sense of enquiry and be able to formulate, test, analyze, interpret basic questions; and to identify and consult relevant sources to find answers.
Inter-disciplinary competence: Create new conceptual, theoretical, methodological innovations that integrate and transcend beyond discipline specific approaches to address a common problem.
Personal and professional competence: Perform independently and also collaboratively as a part of a team to meet defined objectives and carry out work across interdisciplinary fields
Effective Citizenship and Ethics: Demonstrate empathetic social concern and equity centered national development and act with an informed awareness of moral and ethical issues and commit to professional ethics and responsibility.
Understanding Cultural Heritage: understand the multicultural perspectives and realities of history, including the contributions over many centuries of various races, nations and faith to the Indian civilization.
Faculty
Dr. Sarika Singh
Designation - Assistant Professor
Qualification - M. A., M.P. SLET, Ph.D.
Specialization - Women empowerment and Modern History
Publication - Research Papers –06
Contact - 9415658952
E-Mail - singhsarika74@gmail.com
|
|
Time Table Click Here
Syllabus Click Here
Academic Council
Alumni
Department of Home Science
About
The Department of Home Science offers undergraduate courses since 1981 and post-graduate courses since 2005. Ph.D. programme was started in the year 2017 and currently, 04 research scholars are doing research in different fields of Home Science. THE DEPARTMENT has facilities of Library , Staff room, Classrooms, Well established laboratories for textile testing, apparel designing, resource management, and experimental cookery, which cater to practical of Undergraduate and Post Graduate courses.
- The following measures have been taken by the department to improve students learning:
i) Maintenance of attendance
ii) Mentoring system
iii) Students feed-back
iv) Remedial classes
v) Counselling the students who are weak
Courses
Home Science is concerned with the attainment of the well-being of Individuals and families, the improvement of homes and the preservation of values, significant in home life. A Study of Home Science helps to develop proper attitudes for developing interest and desire to assume responsibilities of home activities and study the fundamentals of health, nutrition, family relationships and hygiene etc, appreciating social, religious and cultural values. The knowledge of various aspects of Home Science enables one to make wise decisions. We look forward to many more years of being an agent of positive change for society in general and for our students in particular.
Being a multidisciplinary subject, a varied spectrum of courses was included in the curriculum of Home Science, the subjects being taught are Food and Nutrition, Resource Management, Extension and Communication, Textiles and Clothing, Human Development, Interior Decoration, Fundamentals of Psychology, Physiology and Hygiene, Home Ergonomics, Community Nutrition, Food Sciences, Dietetics, space designing etc.
Faculty
Ms. Neha Kumari
Designation - Assistant Professor
Qualification - M.A. (Gold Medalist) UGC-JRF, B.Ed.
specialization - Extension education and communication
Publication - Research papers – 05, Book chapter –02
Contact - 7565929077
E-Mail - nehak5258@gmail.com
|
|
Dr. Shikha Singh
Designation - Assistant Professor
Qualification - M.Sc., UGC-JRF, Ph.D.
Specialization - Food & Nutrition, Human Nutrition,
Clinical Nutrition, Physiology
Publication - Research Papers – 10
Contact - 9452987276
E-Mail - shikhasngh032@gmail.com
|
|
Time Table Click Here
Syllabus B.A. M.A.
Academic Council
Name
|
Class
|
Designation
|
Annpurna Rai
|
M.A. II
|
President
|
Shruti Rai
|
M.A. II
|
Vice President
|
Rubeena Aqueel
|
M.A. I
|
Secretary
|
Riya Agrahari
|
M.A. II
|
Member
|
Priti Vishwakarma
|
M.A. I
|
Member
|
Muskan Kumari
|
B.A. III
|
Member
|
Afreen Bano
|
B.A. II
|
Member
|
Vidya Jaiswal
|
B.A. I
|
Member
|
Alumnae
Department of Philosophy
About
The Department of Philosophy offers Undergraduate programmes. It's syllabus consist Indian Philosophy,Ethics (Indian and Western) Yoga as a practical subject, Western Philosophy, Social and Political Philosophy, Logic (Indian and Western)Religion Philosophy, Epistemology-(Problems of Philosophy Indian and Westernt) Department of Philosophy try to inculcate a good human behaviour, values, so that our students to be a responsible citizen in future.
Courses
B.A. in Philosophy
The course makes the students aware about Indian tradition, culture and way of logically thinking as well as Western tradition culture and way of logically thinking. This course also helps the understanding of religion and ethical values among students.
U.G. Course in Philosophy is a three year degree programme. It's aims to develop a understanding about philosophical thought and that necessity for the universe. Actually logical thinking is a base of philosophy which area is very broad all the living and nonliving things incorporate with it.
Faculty
Dr. Amit Yadav
Designation - Assistant Professor
Qualification - M.A., Ph.D., UGC-JRF
Specialization -Contemporary Western Philosophy
(Existentialism)
Publication - Research Papers – 12, Book - 01
Book Chapter – 01
Contact - 9454786828
E-Mail - amitbhuaz@gmail.com
|
|
Time Table Click Here
Syllabus Click Here
Academic Council
Name
|
Class
|
Designation
|
Annpurna Rai
|
M.A. II
|
President
|
Shruti Rai
|
M.A. II
|
Vice President
|
Rubeena Aqueel
|
M.A. I
|
Secretary
|
Riya Agrahari
|
M.A. II
|
Member
|
Priti Vishwakarma
|
M.A. I
|
Member
|
Muskan Kumari
|
B.A. III
|
Member
|
Afreen Bano
|
B.A. II
|
Member
|
Vidya Jaiswal
|
B.A. I
|
Member
|
Alumnae
Department of Physical Education
The Department of Physical Education is one of the active departments in the college. Kho-Kho, Kabaddi, Badminton, and Cricket have always been one of the most popular games of the college and this tradition is being carried forward till now. Besides these, Chess, Table Tennis, Football, Carom, Athletes are quite popular among students. The college regularly organizes its annual game fest “Spardha” and participates in Inter district and college tournaments as well as open competitions held for colleges from time to time.
Courses
The Department has been working to promote sports and students of College at State as well as National platforms. While imparting theoretical knowledge, the Department has simultaneously been working progressively in the direction of upgrading the Sports infrastructure of the college and conducting insightful events for the students. The Department also maintains its well-equipped Gymnasium for fitness conscious students to keep them healthy and fit. The department also takes care of activities like Yoga to promote and enhance a healthy lifestyle and physical fitness.
Faculty
Dr. Shambhu Sharan Prasad
Designation - Assistant Professor
Qualification - M.PE., UGC-NET, Ph.D.
Specialization - Sports Biomechanics and Sports management
Publication - Research Papers – 05
Contact - 9670509243
E-Mail - epgdsm03.021@iimrohtak.ac.in
|
|
Time Table Click Here
Syllabus Click Here
Academic Council
Alumnae
Department of Political Science
About
The Department of Political Science was established in 1992. The Department offers B.A and M.A. courses with syllabus ranging from Indian Political System, The process of Politics in India, Political Theories, Comparative politics, Theory of Public administration, Indian Public administration, Indian Political Thinker, Western political thoughts, International Relations and Theory of International Politics. The department also offers courses such as Legislative support, Public opinion and Survey Research, Your Laws your Rights etc. The faculty of the department is actively engaged in developing harmonious environment for smooth functioning of teaching and learning. The teacher is working for student centric activities and guiding in personal and professional sphere.
Courses
The Department of Political Science in collaboration with other Human Sciences imparts teaching to students of B.A. and M.A. students. The M.A. courses are designed to promote and inspire students to pursue higher studies in Political Science. The course is covered with classroom lectures, and ICT techniques. The Department also organizes online lectures from recognized colleges and Universities to encourage student towards higher studies.
Faculty
Mr. Rajesh Kumar Yadav
Designation - Assistant Professor
Qualification - M.A., UGC-NET
Specialization - International Relations, Constitution
and Public Administration
Contact - 7905897269
E-Mail - rajeshananya01@gmail.com
|
|
Time Table Click Here
Syllabus B.A. M.A.
Academic Council
Alumnae
Department of Psychology
About
The Department of Psychology offers three years/6-semester undergraduate course (BA) since 1980. Psychology is the science of behaviour and experiences. At the completion of this program from GGPGC, Ghazipur the learner are able to understand the underlying mental and physiological process of behaviors of self and others.
The knowledge of this disciplined will be helpful in development of skills in specific areas related to specific specialization (e.g. psycho-diagnostics, counseling, learning disability, health, community mental health and organizational behaviors). Student will be familiar to the emerging scope and application of psychology in modern times. Learner will be able to understand various approaches, methods and techniques to understand the studying behavior from lab to field. They will be able to study human behavior at various levels like- to understand behavior, to explain behavior, to predict behavior and to control it. Knowledge of psychology develops Sensitivity towards diverse contexts, ethnic groups, minorities, marginalized groups and gender issues. Learner are able to understand various types of behavior in their Biological, Psychological, social, economical, political and cultural context and apply them accordingly. Students are able to understand abnormal/deviant behavior of self and others; deal effectively daily life problems and counsel others to cope it appropriately.
Courses
B.A. in Psychology : Modern psychology- Evolving as a hybrid, behavioral and applied social science, includes a wide range of courses in the their curriculum. The subjects being taught as guidelines of NEP-2020 are Basic Psychological Processes, Basic Research Methodology and Statistics, Psychology of Social Behavior, Abnormal Psychology, Life Span Human Development, Positive Psychology, Community and Health Psychology, Counseling Psychology.
Students will be imparted a variety of skills to design and conduct psychological experiments ensuring controlled conditions, report writing and interpretations of the report Practical Papers includes: Lab Work of experimentation, Psychological Testing, Measurement of Social Behavior, Assessment/Testing, Survey/ Field Visit, Problem Identification & Research Proposal Writing, Research Project. The department has the facilities like Classroom cum Lab; Faculty room; Counselling Room; Mini Departmental Library; Store Room.
Faculty
Mr. Shiv Kumar
Designation - Assistant Professor
Qualification - M.A., M. Phil., UGC-NET
Specialization - Social psychology, Health
and Clinical Psychology
Publication - Research Papers – 05
Book chapter – 03
Contact - 9415645213
E-Mail - shivkralld@gmail.com
|
|
Time Table Click Here
Syllabus Click Here
Academic Council
Name
|
Class
|
Designation
|
Janhavi Verma
|
B.A. III
|
President
|
Anjali Chaurasia
|
B.A. I
|
Vice President
|
Areeba Ansari
|
B.A. II
|
Secretary
|
Rifat Nafees
|
B.A. III
|
Deputy Secretary
|
Iram Amani
|
B.A. III
|
Member
|
Shweta Modanwal
|
B.A. III
|
Member
|
Roshni
|
B.A. II
|
Member
|
Sahiba
|
B.A. II
|
Member
|
Supriya Sharma
|
B.A. I
|
Member
|
Tasneem Firdaus
|
B.A. I
|
Member
|
Alumnae
Department of Sociology
About
The Department of Sociology offers Undergraduate programs with syllabus Outcome (After 3 Years of Study)
a. This course will introduce students to new concepts of Sociology discipline.
b. These concepts will enhance the conceptual learning and understanding of the basic concepts used in Sociology.
c. This course will contribute in enriching the vocabulary and scientific temperament of the students.
d. The course is designed to incorporate all the key concepts of sociology which would enable the learner to develop keen insights to distinguish between the commonsense knowledge and Sociological knowledge.
e. This course provides comprehensive understanding of Indian society.
Courses
- Introduction to Basic Concepts of Sociology paper will introduce students to new concepts of Sociology discipline. These concepts will enhance the conceptual learning and understanding of the basic concepts used in Sociology. It will contribute in enriching the vocabulary and scientific temperament of the students. The course is designed to incorporate all the key concepts of sociology which would enable the learner to develop keen insights to distinguish between the commonsense knowledge and Sociological knowledge.
- students are introduced to the concepts related to Indian Society. They are made familiar with the Indian Society, its linkages and continuity with past and present. It also gives insights to analyze contemporary Indian society. This paper provides comprehensive understanding of Indian society.
- to develop writing skills among the students of Sociology. This would enhance and inculcate the analytical skills among the students. The paper is designed to enrich the conceptual vocabulary of the students, such that they are equipped with the writing style in Sociology. This paper is presumably beneficial for the students who are interested in the field of Media, Journalism, Essay writer, Column writer, Psephology, Journalism.
Faculty
Md. Ekhlak Khan
Designation - Assistant Professor
Qualification - M.A., UGC-NET
specialization - Gender, Feminist Philosophy
Publication - Research Paper – 01
Contact - 7985614015
E-Mail - specialnaila@gmail.com
|
|
Time Table Click Here
Syllabus Click Here
Academic Council
Name
|
Class
|
Designation
|
Mamta Gupta
|
B.A. III
|
President
|
Manisha Yadav
|
B.A. I
|
Vice President
|
Juhi Jaiswal
|
B.A. II
|
Secretary
|
Prerna
|
B.A. I
|
Member
|
Darqshan Akhtar
|
B.A. II
|
Member
|
Sawan Kushwaha
|
B.A. III
|
Member
|
Alumnae